Lactic Acid Production
As lactic acid is produced by fermentation, the fermenting broth is ultrafiltered to remove the lactic acid and recycle the cells back to the fermentor. UF or NF is further used to purify and concentrate the acid, sometimes as a preconcentration prior to evaporation.
Butyric Acid Production
UF and RO are used to purify and concentrate butyric acid
Citric Acid Production
Citric acid is produced by fermenting dextrose. MF is used to recover the acid from the fermenting broth and then NF is used to purify it.
Acetic Acid Production
RO is used to concentrate acetic acid.